Horticulture in Pakistan

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nasirhussain
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Horticulture in Pakistan

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Horticulture is the industry and science of plant cultivation including the process of preparing soil for the planting of seeds, tubers, or cuttings.The science or art of cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. Agriculture plays an important role in Pakistan’s economy contributing 25% to GDP, employs 44% work force of country. With in agriculture the horticulture is an important sector, production of fruits 6.2 mtons, vegetables 5.0 mtons, citrus 2.0 mtons, mangoes 1.0 mtons, dates 0.63 mtons and apples 0.4 mtons.Total exports of fruits and vegetables for 120435000 US$ and quantity 471693tons.WORK OF HORTICULURISTHorticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, and plant physiology. The work basically involves fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. Horticulturists work to improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses.HORTICULTURE VERSUS AGRICULTUREHorticulture generally refers to small-scale gardening, and agriculture to the growing of field crops, usually on a large scale, although the distinction is not always precise (for example, market gardening market gardening, cultivation, on suburban land of high value, of vegetables and flowers for the supply of nearby cities could be classify either.A horticultural variety of a plant is one produced under cultivation, as distinguished from the botanical species or varieties, which occur in nature. Heavy fertilizing and the planting of successive crops are employed to obtain continuous returns from the acreage.ENVIRONMENT REQUIRED FOR HORTICULTURE PLANTSHorticulture plants requires tropical and temperate conditions and pakistan is blessed with argo-cloimate condition i.e tropical, subtropical, warm temperate and temperate regions. This opportunity positions pakistan privileged countries , where variety of crops particularly horticultural crops can be produce having enormous potential in the global markets.RESEARCH PROJECTS1.Identification /selection of parental lines and hybrid development in tomato (vegetable programme component).2.Evaluation of locally developed mandarin hybrids in potential citrus growing areas.3.Pilot project for adoption of water saving cultivation pot.4.Increasing citrus production in Pakistan and Australia through improved orchard management techniques (ASLP funded).Modern Technology of vegetable Production1.Tissue culture2.Use of plant growth gerulators in vegetables.3.Drip and other micro irrigation.4.Plastic tunnel, plastic house and plastic mulching.5.Micro-nutrient, multi-nutrient, liquid fertilizers and bio-fertilizers.6.Latest recommended superior hybrid and superior open pollinated cultivars used by Nepali farmers.7.Integrated disease and pest management. (including biological, cultural, pheromone traps, etc.)8.Integrated soil and plant nutrient management.9.True potato seed.10.Disease free seed potato productionRANKING OF PAKISTAN MARKET•Producer of quality mangoes, dates and citrus•Availability of high value vegetables throughout the year; exports 0.111m tons•Fourth largest exporter of dates by exporting only 13% of its dates; Production 0.583m tons•Sixth largest exporter of mangoes by exporting only 2.2 % of its mangoes; Production 1.75m tons•High growth potential in value addition products•Citrus fruits, primarily the mandarin variety, the kino is the largest fruit crop group by volume and is the major export revenus earner.•pakistan has the tremendous potential for production and processing for tomatoes, potatoes and onion etc•Mango: (Mangifera indica ) is the second major fruit crop in Pakistan. At present it is grown on an area of 93.42 thousand hectares with production 915.7 thousand tonnes•Potato: Total annual domestic production amounts to around 1.8 Million MT, of which 280000 MT is used as seed and 1.8 Million MT is available for consumption•Carrots: There has been a progressive increase in area and production of carrots in Pakistan. In 1998-99, the area increased to 10.94 thousand ha and production 194.92 thousand tonnes•Pakistan amongst the top 20 producers for Rice, Mango, Mandarin, Dates, Sugarcane, Apricots and many vegetables however exports are below potential – offering an opportunityHORTICULTURE CROPS•Pomology or fruit productionPakistan is the one of the few countries having four season and the soil is rich for all kind of fruits. more than 28 types of fruits are grown in pakistan throughout the year.•Olericulture or vegetable productionpakistan also produces more then 30 types of vegetables. the government emphasis on the production of potatoes, onion as their major exports.•Floriculture or flower production.In pakistan floriculture us new but relatively fast growing horticulture. traditionally rose petal, jasmine, tulip and marigold has been produced for garland, worn on festival and ceremonial occasion.•Ornamental horticultureIn this sector different plants are produced as ornament and for decorations.SOME MAJOR COMPANIES RELATED TO HORTICULTURE1.PAKISTAN HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT & EXPORT COMPANY2.SMEDA3.PARRSA4.Aisha Sarwari5.PUNJAB LAND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY6.PAMCO
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